Siege of Jerusalem
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The siege of Jerusalem lasted from 20 September to 2 October 1187, when Balian of Ibelin surrendered the city to Saladin. Earlier that summer, Saladin had defeated the kingdom's army and conquered several cities. Balian was charged with organizing a defense. The city was full of refugees but had few soldiers. Despite this fact the defenders managed to repulse several attempts by Saladin's army to take the city by storm. Balian bargained with Saladin to buy safe passage for many, and the city was peacefully surrendered with limited bloodshed. Though Jerusalem fell, it was not the end of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, as the capital shifted first to Tyre and later to Acre after the Third Crusade. Latin Christians responded in 1189 by launching the Third Crusade led by Richard the Lionheart, Philip Augustus, and Frederick Barbarossa separately. In Jerusalem, Saladin restored Muslim holy sites and generally showed tolerance towards Christians; he allowed Orthodox and Eastern Christian pilgrims to visit the holy sites freely—though Frankish pilgrims were required to pay a fee for entry. The control of Christian affairs in the city was handed over to the patriarch of Constantinople.
1187
Wikimedia, Wikidata
Knights Templar, County of Tripoli, Kingdom of Jerusalem, Knights Hospitaller, Order of Saint Lazarus, order of Mountjoy, Ayyubid Sultanate, Kingdom of Jerusalem, 
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Location: 31.7833, 35.2167, KML, Cluster Map, Maps,
88 places
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1187-09-27T00:00:00Z
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1187 Siege of Jerusalem
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BNF, Mss fr 68, folio 404
234 Alexandre-Evariste Fragonard Saladin à Jérusalem
Balian of Ibelin surrendering the city of Jerusalem to Saladin, from "Les Passages faits Outremer par les Français contre les Turcs et autres Sarrasins et Maures outremarins", c. 1490 CE.
Saladin enters Jerusalem
Detail of a miniature of the siege of Jerusalem by Saladin.Detail of a miniature of the siege of Jerusalem by Saladin.- Libellus de expugnatione Terrae Sanctae per Saladinum - 12th-century writing about the conquests of Saladin, Medieval Latin
| Type | Subtype | Date | Description | Notes | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| area | region | 36 | Herodian Kingdom of Judea | Wikidata | |
| area | region | 139 | Hasmonean Kingdom | Wikidata | |
| area | region | 929 | Kingdom of Judah | Wikidata | |
| area | region | 1988 | Palestine | state with limited recognition, sovereign state, region, country, Mediterranean country | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 2014 Jerusalem unrest | intifada | Wikidata | |
| event | armed conflict | Battle of Ai | battle | Wikidata | |
| event | armed conflict | Battle of Jericho | battle | Wikidata | |
| event | armed conflict | Battle of Mizpah | battle | Wikidata | |
| event | armed conflict | Battle of the Kastel | battle | Wikidata | |
| event | armed conflict | Unknown | Israelites, battle, Amalek | Wikidata | |
| event | armed conflict | 36 | Siege of Jerusalem | siege | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 62 | Siege of Jerusalem | siege, Ancient Rome | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 102 | Campaign of Ptolemy IX Soter in Palestine | military campaign, Hasmonean Kingdom, Ptolemaic Kingdom of Cyprus | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 140 | Hasmonean campaigns against the Hellenistic cities | military campaign | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 159 | Battle of Elasa | Seleucid Empire, battle, Maccabees | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 160 | Battle of Adasa | Judah Maccabee, battle, Nicanor | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 161 | Battle of Beth Zechariah | battle | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 162 | Maccabee campaigns of 163 BCE | Jonathan Apphus, Judah Maccabee, Simon Thassi, military campaign, Timothy | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 163 | Battle of Beth Zur | battle | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 164 | Battle of Emmaus | battle | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 165 | Battle of Beth Horon | Seleucid Empire, battle, Hasmonean dynasty | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 588 | Siege of Jerusalem | siege | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 596 | Siege of Jerusalem | siege | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 700 | Assyrian siege of Jerusalem | battle, siege, Sennacherib, Hezekiah | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 700 | Sennacherib's campaign in the Levant | Sennacherib, Hezekiah, military campaign | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 700 | Siege of Azekah | Kingdom of Judah, siege, Neo-Assyrian Empire | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 912 | Battle of Mount Zemaraim | battle, Bible story | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 1050 | Siege of Jebus | siege | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 58 | Battle of Mount Scopus | battle | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 66 | Battle of Beth Horon | battle | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 66 | Battle of Gabaon | battle | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 66 | Battle of Jerusalem | battle | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 68 | Zealot Temple Siege | siege | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 70 | Siege of Jerusalem | siege | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 132 | Siege of Betar | siege | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 614 | Sasanian conquest of Jerusalem | Jewish people, Sasanian Empire, siege, Byzantine Empire | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 634 | Battle of Ajnadayn | Byzantine Empire, battle, Rashidun Caliphate | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 636 | Siege of Jerusalem | siege | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 1025 | Battle of Michmash | battle | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 1099 | Siege of Jerusalem | battle | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 1139 | Battle of Técua | battle | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 1177 | Battle of Montgisard | battle | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 1187 | Siege of Jerusalem | Knights Templar, Kingdom of Jerusalem, battle, siege, Knights Hospitaller, County of Tripoli, Order of Saint Lazarus, order of Mountjoy, Ayyubid Sultanate | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 1244 | Siege of Jerusalem (1244) | Kingdom of Jerusalem, siege, Ayyubid Sultanate | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 1280 | Battle of al-Jassora | battle, Mamluk Sultanate | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 1775 | Palestine expedition | Ottoman Empire, military expedition, Al-Zayadina | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 1834 | Siege of Jerusalem | Palestinians, Egypt Eyalet, siege | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 1834 | Battle of Hebron | battle, massacre | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 1917 | Battle of Jerusalem | Ottoman Empire, battle, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 1917 | Battle of Nebi Samwil | Ottoman Empire, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, battle | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 1918 | Battle of Abu Tellul | Ottoman Empire, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, battle | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 1936 | 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine | rebellion | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 1936 | Battle of Al-Khader | battle, British Empire, Palestinians | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 1940 | Italian bombing of Mandatory Palestine in World War II | bombardment | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 1944 | Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine | Irgun, insurgency, British Army | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 1947 | Battle for Jerusalem | battle | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 1948 | Saint-Simon Battle | battle | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 1948 | Battle of 3 Shevat | battle | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 1948 | Atarot convoy | battle | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 1948 | Israeli–Palestinian conflict | armed conflict, ethnic conflict, All-Palestine Protectorate, Palestine Liberation Organization, Israel Defense Forces, Palestinian National Authority, Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 1948 | Battles of Latrun | battle | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 1948 | Battle of Gezer | Arab Legion, Israel Defense Forces, battle, 1948 Palestinian exodus | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 1948 | Battle of Khirbat Abu Lacham | battle | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 1967 | Commissioner Palace in the Six Day War | battle | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 1967 | Liberation of Jerusalem in the Six-Day War | Jordan, battle, Israel | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 1967 | Battle of Ammunition Hill | battle, human settlement | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 1967 | Jordanian campaign | military campaign | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 1987 | First Intifada | Iraq, Israel, Hamas, Fatah, Palestinians, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, intifada, Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Palestinian People's Party, Unified National Leadership of the Uprising | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 2000 | Second Intifada | Iraq, Israel, Hamas, Palestinian National Authority, Palestinian Islamic Jihad, Fatah, intifada, Palestinian National Security Forces | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 2002 | Siege of Ramallah | siege | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 2002 | Siege of the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem | siege | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 2017 | 2017 Temple Mount crisis | armed conflict, political crisis | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 2018 | عملية عوفرا | offensive | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 2023 | 2023 Al-Aqsa clashes | armed conflict, Palestinians, Israel Police | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 2023 | Airstrikes on Palestinian refugee camps during the 2023 Israel–Hamas war | Israel Defense Forces, airstrike, chain of events | Wikidata |
| event | war | 73 | Pompey's Jewish War | war, Roman Republic, Hasmonean Kingdom | Wikidata |
| event | war | 164 | Second Judeo-Seleucid War | Seleucid Empire, Maccabees, war | Wikidata |
| event | war | 600 | Jewish–Babylonian War | war | Wikidata |
| event | war | 732 | The War of Pekah and Ahaz | war | Wikidata |
| event | war | 735 | Syro-Ephraimite War | war | Wikidata |
| event | war | 1947 | 1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine | civil war, Haganah, Army of the Holy War, Yishuv | Wikidata |
| event | war | 1952 | 1952 raid on Beit Jala | war | Wikidata |
| site | bunker | 2002 | Centre for National Crisis Management | deep bunker, Ministry of Defense, command post, military base | Wikidata |
| site | castle | Hisham's Palace | Umayyad desert castles, archaeological site, palace | Wikidata | |
| site | fort | Ammunition Hill | fortress | Wikidata | |
| site | fort | Cypros | archaeological site, citadel, fortress | Wikidata | |
| site | fort | Latrun fort | tegart fort, building, museum | Wikidata | |
| site | fort | Military Government House in Hebron | tegart fort | Wikidata | |
| site | fort | 1700 | Qalʿat al-Burak | fort | Wikidata |
| site | fort | 1943 | המצודה הבריטית בנווה צוף | tegart fort | Wikidata |
| site | museum | 1982 | Yad La-Shiryon | military museum, cenotaph, building | Wikidata |
| site | museum | 2017 | Museum of the Jewish Soldier in World War II | military museum | Wikidata |
| commons | image | BNF, Mss fr 68, folio 404 | Commons | ||
| commons | image | 234 Alexandre-Evariste Fragonard Saladin à Jérusalem | Commons | ||
| commons | image | Balian of Ibelin surrendering the city of Jerusalem to Saladin, from "Les Passages faits Outremer par les Français contre les Turcs et autres Sarrasins et Maures outremarins", c. 1490 CE. | Commons | ||
| commons | image | Saladin enters Jerusalem | Commons | ||
| commons | image | Detail of a miniature of the siege of Jerusalem by Saladin. | Commons | ||
| commons | image | Detail of a miniature of the siege of Jerusalem by Saladin. | Commons | ||
