Ayyubid Sultanate

The Ayyubid dynasty, also known as the Ayyubid Sultanate, was the founding dynasty of the medieval Sultanate of Egypt established by Saladin in 1171, following his abolition of the Fatimid Caliphate of Egypt. A Sunni Muslim of Kurdish origin, Saladin had originally served the Zengid ruler Nur al-Din, leading the latter's army against the Crusaders in Fatimid Egypt, where he was made vizier. Following the death of his Zengid suzerain Nur al-Din in 1174, Saladin was proclaimed as the first Sultan of Egypt by the Abbasid Caliphate, and rapidly expanded the new sultanate beyond Egypt to encompass most of Syria, in addition to Hijaz, Yemen, northern Nubia, Tripolitania and Upper Mesopotamia. Saladin's military campaigns set the general borders and sphere of influence of the sultanate of Egypt for the almost 350 years of its existence. Most of the Crusader states fell to Saladin after his victory at the Battle of Hattin in 1187, but the Crusaders reconquered the Syrian coastlands in the 1190s.

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1171 — 1250  Wikimedia, Wikidata

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1171-01-01T00:00:00Z

1250-07-01T00:00:00Z

1171 — 1250 Ayyubid Sultanate

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Frameless

الدولة الأيوبية

Kurdish states

Experimental crossbow mounted inside a shield, in the Tabṣira by Murḍi Ibn cĀlī Ibn Murḍi al-Ṭarsūsī written for Saladin, late Fāṭimid or early Ayyūbid Egypt, c.1170 CE (Ms. Hunt.264, f.117, Bodleian Library, Oxford, UK)

Type	Subtype	Date	Description	Notes	Source
event	armed conflict	1174	Siege of Damascus	siege, Zengid dynasty, Ayyubid Sultanate	Wikidata
event	armed conflict	1174	Siege of Alexandria	Kingdom of Sicily, siege, Ayyubid Sultanate	Wikidata
event	armed conflict	1175	Siege of Harem	siege, Zengid dynasty, Ayyubid Sultanate	Wikidata
event	armed conflict	1178	Battle of Hama	Kingdom of Jerusalem, battle, Ayyubid Sultanate	Wikidata
event	armed conflict	1179	Battle of Banias	Kingdom of Jerusalem, battle, Ayyubid Sultanate	Wikidata
event	armed conflict	1179	Battle of Marj Ayyun	Knights Templar, Kingdom of Jerusalem, battle, Ayyubid Sultanate	Wikidata
event	armed conflict	1179	Battle of Jacob's Ford	Kingdom of Jerusalem, siege, Ayyubid Sultanate	Wikidata
event	armed conflict	1182	Battle of Belvoir Castle	Kingdom of Jerusalem, battle, Ayyubid Sultanate	Wikidata
event	armed conflict	1183	Battle of Al-Fule	Kingdom of Jerusalem, battle, Ayyubid Sultanate	Wikidata
event	armed conflict	1183	Siege of Kerak	Kingdom of Jerusalem, siege, Ayyubid Sultanate	Wikidata
event	armed conflict	1187	Siege of Kerak	Kingdom of Jerusalem, siege, Ayyubid Sultanate	Wikidata
event	armed conflict	1187	Battle of Cresson	Knights Templar, Kingdom of Jerusalem, battle, Knights Hospitaller, Ayyubid Sultanate	Wikidata
event	armed conflict	1187	Battle of Hattin	Knights Templar, Kingdom of Jerusalem, battle, Principality of Antioch, County of Tripoli, Knights Hospitaller, Order of Saint Lazarus, Ayyubid Sultanate, order of Mountjoy	Wikidata
event	armed conflict	1187	Siege of Jerusalem	Knights Templar, Kingdom of Jerusalem, battle, siege, Knights Hospitaller, County of Tripoli, Order of Saint Lazarus, order of Mountjoy, Ayyubid Sultanate	Wikidata
event	armed conflict	1187	Siege of Tyre	Kingdom of Jerusalem, siege, Ayyubid Sultanate	Wikidata
event	armed conflict	1187	Siege of Belvoir Castle	siege, Knights Hospitaller, Ayyubid Sultanate	Wikidata
event	armed conflict	1188	Siege of Laodicea	siege, Principality of Antioch, Ayyubid Sultanate	Wikidata
event	armed conflict	1188	Siege of Sahyun Castle	siege, Knights Hospitaller, Ayyubid Sultanate	Wikidata
event	armed conflict	1188	Siege of Al-Shughur	siege, Principality of Antioch, Ayyubid Sultanate	Wikidata
event	armed conflict	1188	Siege of Safed	Knights Templar, battle, Knights Hospitaller, siege, Ayyubid Sultanate	Wikidata
event	armed conflict	1189	Siege of Acre	siege, Holy Roman Empire, Knights Templar, Kingdom of Jerusalem, Kingdom of England, Republic of Genoa, Papal States, Kingdom of France, Order of Saint Lazarus, Knights Hospitaller, Kingdom of Sicily, Armenian Principality of Cilicia, Kingdom of Denmark, Ayyubid Sultanate, Republic of Pisa	Wikidata
event	armed conflict	1191	Battle of Arsuf	Kingdom of Jerusalem, Knights Templar, Kingdom of France, battle, Knights Hospitaller, Kingdom of England, Ayyubid Sultanate	Wikidata
event	armed conflict	1192	Battle of Jaffa	Republic of Genoa, battle, Kingdom of England, Republic of Pisa, Ayyubid Sultanate	Wikidata
event	armed conflict	1197	Battle of Jaffa	Kingdom of Jerusalem, battle, Ayyubid Sultanate	Wikidata
event	armed conflict	1197	Siege of Toron	Kingdom of Jerusalem, Holy Roman Empire, siege, Ayyubid Sultanate	Wikidata
event	armed conflict	1208	Siege of Archesh	Kingdom of Georgia, siege, Ayyubid Sultanate	Wikidata
event	armed conflict	1217	Siege of Mount Tabor	Knights Templar, Kingdom of Jerusalem, Teutonic Order, Knights Hospitaller, siege, Kingdom of Cyprus, Kingdom of Hungary, Duchy of Austria, Principality of Antioch, Ayyubid Sultanate	Wikidata
event	armed conflict	1217	Battle of Machghara	battle, Kingdom of Hungary, Ayyubid Sultanate	Wikidata
event	armed conflict	1218	Siege of Damietta	Holy Roman Empire, Kingdom of Jerusalem, Knights Templar, Teutonic Order, Kingdom of France, Papal States, Latin Empire, Knights Hospitaller, Kingdom of Cyprus, Kingdom of England, siege, Ayyubid Sultanate	Wikidata
event	armed conflict	1230	Battle of Yassıçemen	battle, Empire of Trebizond, Sultanate of Rum, Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, Khwarazmian Empire, Ayyubid Sultanate, Seljuk dynasty	Wikidata
event	armed conflict	1244	Siege of Jerusalem (1244)	Kingdom of Jerusalem, siege, Ayyubid Sultanate	Wikidata
event	armed conflict	1244	Battle of Forbie	Teutonic Order, Knights Templar, Kingdom of Jerusalem, battle, Ayyubid dynasty, Knights Hospitaller, Khwarazmian army between 1231 and 1246, Order of Saint Lazarus, Ayyubid Sultanate	Wikidata
event	armed conflict	1247	Siege of Ascalon	siege, Knights Hospitaller, Ayyubid Sultanate	Wikidata
event	armed conflict	1249	Siege of Damietta	Knights Templar, Kingdom of France, Knights Hospitaller, siege, Ayyubid Sultanate	Wikidata
event	armed conflict	1250	Battle of Mansurah	Knights Templar, Kingdom of France, battle, Knights Hospitaller, Kingdom of England, Order of Saint Lazarus, Maronites, Ayyubid Sultanate	Wikidata
event	war	1187	Abu Rakwa's revolt	war, Almohad Caliphate, Banu Ghaniya, Ayyubid Sultanate	Wikidata
event	war	1208	Georgian-Ayyubid Wars	war, Kingdom of Georgia, Ayyubid Sultanate	Wikidata
event	war	1225	Khwarazmian–Georgian wars	Kingdom of Georgia, Eldiguzids, Sultanate of Rum, Khwarazmian Empire, Ayyubid Sultanate, series of wars	Wikidata
commons	image		الدولة الأيوبية		Commons
commons	image		Kurdish states		Commons
commons	image		Experimental crossbow mounted inside a shield, in the Tabṣira by Murḍi Ibn cĀlī Ibn Murḍi al-Ṭarsūsī written for Saladin, late Fāṭimid or early Ayyūbid Egypt, c.1170 CE (Ms. Hunt.264, f.117, Bodleian Library, Oxford, UK)		Commons