War of the Keys

The War of the Keys (1228–1230) was the first military conflict between Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, and the Papacy. Fighting took place in central and southern Italy. The Papacy made strong gains at first, securing the Papal States and invading the Kingdom of Sicily, while Frederick was away on the Sixth Crusade. Upon his return, he defeated the papal forces, forcing Pope Gregory IX to begin peace talks. After drawn-out negotiations, the treaty of San Germano terminated the conflict with no territorial changes.

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1228 — 1230  Wikidata
war, Lombard League, House of Hohenstaufen, Papal States, 

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Location: 40.8101, 15.8953, KML, Cluster Map, Maps,
11 places

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1228-01-01T00:00:00Z

1230-01-01T00:00:00Z

1228 — 1230 War of the Keys

0302-01-01T00:00:00Z

0301-01-01T00:00:00Z

-302 — -301 Campaign of Cleonymus in Southern Italy

0332-01-01T00:00:00Z

0329-01-01T00:00:00Z

-332 — -329 Campaign of Alexander I of Epirus in Southern Italy

0866-01-01T00:00:00Z

0871-01-01T00:00:00Z

866 — 871 Louis II's campaign against Bari

1041-09-09T00:00:00Z

1041-09-09T00:00:00Z

1041 Battle of Montepeloso

1496-06-01T00:00:00Z

1496-07-01T00:00:00Z

1496 Siege of Atella

1528-04-01T00:00:00Z

1528-04-02T00:00:00Z

1528 Siege of Melfi

1861-11-16T00:00:00Z

1861-11-18T00:00:00Z

1861 Siege of Pietragalla

1282-01-01T00:00:00Z

1302-01-01T00:00:00Z

1282 — 1302 War of the Sicilian Vespers

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Frameless

Type	Subtype	Date	Description	Notes	Source
event	armed conflict	302	Campaign of Cleonymus in Southern Italy	military campaign, Cleonymus	Wikidata
event	armed conflict	332	Campaign of Alexander I of Epirus in Southern Italy	military campaign	Wikidata
event	armed conflict	866	Louis II's campaign against Bari	Carolingian Empire, military campaign, Emirate of Bari	Wikidata
event	armed conflict	1041	Battle of Montepeloso	Byzantine Empire, Normans, Lombards, battle	Wikidata
event	armed conflict	1496	Siege of Atella	Republic of Venice, Kingdom of France, Kingdom of Naples, Papal States, siege, Catholic Monarchy	Wikidata
event	armed conflict	1528	Siege of Melfi	siege	Wikidata
event	armed conflict	1861	Siege of Pietragalla	Kingdom of Italy, siege, bandit	Wikidata
event	war	1228	War of the Keys	Lombard League, House of Hohenstaufen, war, Papal States	Wikidata
event	war	1282	War of the Sicilian Vespers	war, Byzantine Empire, Kingdom of France, Kingdom of Naples, Kingdom of Sicily, Crown of Aragon, Kingdom of Majorca	Wikidata
site	castle		Castello di Monteserico	castle	Wikidata
site	castle		Castello Marchesale	castle	Wikidata